Cochlear tinnitus can be defined as a tinnitus subtype that results from aberrant activity in the cochlear nerve ( Noreña, 2011). The fact that tinnitus is not always suppressed when the cochlear nerve is sectioned suggests there are, at least, two distinct tinnitus sub-types: cochlear tinnitus and central tinnitus ( House and Brackmann, 1981 Berliner et al., 1992). It can also be perceived differently in one ear, both ears or in the head, and can be modulated in some individuals by orofacial movements ( Levine, 1999), touch, background noise, stress, anxiety, depression, and attention ( Tyler et al., 2008).Īlthough, the pathophysiology of tinnitus is still not clear, various origins, and mechanisms have been described in the literature ( Henry et al., 2014). It is described by patients in a variety of ways that can be as simple as a single pure tone and as complex as a combination of different sounds ( Stouffer and Tyler, 1990). Tinnitus is known as a phantom sound that is perceived in the absence of an acoustic stimulation. These results support the need for greater stratification of the tinnitus population and the importance of a standardized ABR method to make comparisons between studies possible. Nevertheless, the longer latency and reduced amplitude of wave I for the tinnitus group with normal hearing compared to matched controls was the most consistent finding across studies. Amplitude and latency differences between tinnitus and controls were not consistent between studies. The results indicate a high level of heterogeneity between the studies for all the assessed areas. From the final 22 articles that were included, ABR results from 1,240 tinnitus subjects and 664 control subjects were compiled and summarized with a focus on three main areas: the participant characteristics, the methodology used, and the outcome measures of amplitude and/or latency of waves I, III, and V. There were 4,566 articles identified through database searching and 151 additional studies through the manual search (4,717 total): 2,128 articles were removed as duplicates, and 2,567 records did not meet eligibility criteria. The authors searched PubMed, MedLine, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL, and identified additional records through manually searching reference lists and gray literature. The present study reviewed published literature on ABR and tinnitus. Despite this effort, the use of the ABR for tinnitus diagnosis or as an outcome measure is under debate. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) in tinnitus subjects has been extensively investigated over the last decade with the hopes of finding possible abnormalities related to the pathology. 2Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.1School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.Victoria Milloy 1 *, Philippe Fournier 2, Daniel Benoit 1, Arnaud Noreña 2 and Amineh Koravand 1
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